A-Level Islamic Studies - Core Beliefs and Practices

Front

Define Tawhid and its three categories in Islamic theology.

Back

Tawhid is the fundamental Islamic doctrine of the Oneness of God. It is categorized into: 1) **Rububiyyah** (Lordship - God is the sole Creator and Sustainer), 2) **Uluhiyyah** (Worship - God is the sole object of worship), and 3) **Al-Asma wa Al-Sifat** (Names and Attributes - God possesses unique attributes described in scripture). This concept is central to Paper 1 and Paper 2.

Front

What is the significance of the Hijrah in the Prophet's (pbuh) life?

Back

The Hijrah (622 CE) marks the migration from Makkah to Madinah. It signifies the transition from persecution to the establishment of an Islamic state, political community, and the commencement of the Islamic calendar. It demonstrates the Prophet's leadership and reliance on divine planning (Tawakkul) in the face of adversity.

Front

Explain the relationship between the Qur'an and Sunnah as sources of law.

Back

The Qur'an is the primary, verbatim word of God, containing broad principles and legislation. The Sunnah (prophetic example) comprises the Hadith (sayings/actions) and is the secondary source. The Sunnah explains, clarifies, and specifies the general commands found in the Qur'an, providing practical application for worship and daily life.

Front

What are the 'Roots of Jurisprudence' (Usul al-Fiqh)?

Back

The four primary roots are: 1) **Qur'an**, 2) **Sunnah**, 3) **Ijma** (Consensus of scholars), and 4) **Qiyas** (Analogical reasoning). These sources are used by jurists to derive Shariah rulings. Additionally, some schools utilize *Istihsan* (juristic preference) or *Maslaha* (public interest) as secondary principles.

Front

Analyze the importance of *Niyyah* (Intention) in Islamic acts of devotion.

Back

Niyyah is the inward purpose behind an action, distinguishing worship from habit. As stated in the Hadith, 'Actions are but by intentions.' It determines the validity and spiritual reward of an act; without the intention to worship God, a physical act is void. It ensures sincerity (*Ikhlas*) and purifies the heart of *Riya* (showing off).