A-Level IT: Core Definitions & Concepts

Front

What is the difference between Data and Information?

Back

**Data** consists of raw facts and figures without context. **Information** is data that has been processed, organized, or structured to provide context and meaning, making it useful to the user.

Front

Direct Data vs. Indirect Data

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**Direct data** is collected first-hand specifically for the purpose, such as through questionnaires or sensors. **Indirect data** is collected from existing sources originally gathered by others, such as census records or websites.

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Factors affecting the Quality of Information

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Key factors include **accuracy** (correctness), **relevance** (suitability for the task), **age** (currency), **level of detail** (granularity), and **completeness** (having all necessary parts).

Front

What is Encryption?

Back

Encryption is the process of converting readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using an algorithm and a key. It protects data confidentiality during storage or transmission.

Front

Verification vs. Validation

Back

**Verification** checks if data has been entered correctly (e.g., double entry) to detect transcription errors. **Validation** checks if the data entered is sensible, reasonable, and within defined rules (e.g., range checks).