A-Level Sociology — Core Themes & Methods

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Define the term 'Socialisation'.

Back

The lifelong process through which individuals learn the norms, values, and culture of their society. It enables social reproduction and the development of a distinct social identity.

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Distinguish between Primary and Secondary Socialisation.

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Primary socialisation occurs in early childhood, mainly within the family, teaching basic norms and language. Secondary socialisation occurs later in life through schools, peers, and media, teaching specific roles and societal sub-cultures.

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What is meant by 'Social Identity'?

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The sense of who we are based on our group membership (e.g., class, gender, ethnicity). It shapes how individuals perceive themselves and how they are perceived by others, often defined by 'us' vs. 'them'.

Front

Define 'Culture' in a sociological context.

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The shared values, norms, language, customs, and material objects of a society. It acts as a 'social glue' that binds people together and distinguishes one society from another.

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Compare 'Norms' and 'Values'.

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Norms are specific rules of behaviour that guide action (e.g., queuing), while Values are broad abstract principles about what is good/right (e.g., freedom). Values underpin norms.