AP Human Geography - Advanced Analysis

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Devolution

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The movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state. Often driven by ethnonationalism, spatial inequalities, or centrifugal forces, as seen in the UK or Spain.

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Rostow's Model of Development

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A 5-stage linear model (Traditional Society, Preconditions for Takeoff, Takeoff, Drive to Maturity, Age of Mass Consumption). Criticized for being Eurocentric and ignoring the varied historical contexts of LDCs and global inequality.

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Heartland Theory (Mackinder)

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Geopolitical theory stating that whoever controls Eastern Europe (the Heartland) controls the World Island (Eurasia/Africa), and thus the world. It emphasizes land power over sea power, influencing 20th-century geopolitical strategy.

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Gerrymandering

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The redrawing of electoral district boundaries to favor a specific political party or group. 'Packing' concentrates opposition voters, while 'cracking' disperses them, often violating the principle of compactness.

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Von Thünen Model

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Agricultural land-use model proposing that farmers choose crops based on market proximity to maximize profit (rent = yield * price - transport cost). Explains rings of dairy, forestry, grains, and ranching surrounding a market city.