Core concepts in memory systems, cognitive processes, conditioning, and developmental theories aligned with the College Board AP Psychology curriculum.
20 cards
Front
Schema
Back
A cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information. Schemas influence how we encode, store, and retrieve memories by providing a mental template for categorizing new experiences.
Front
Prototype
Back
The most typical or representative example of a concept (e.g., a robin is a prototype of a bird, while a penguin is not). Prototypes simplify cognitive processing by offering a best-match comparison for categorization.
Front
Algorithm vs. Heuristic
Back
An algorithm is a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem, often slowly. A heuristic is a simple, thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems swiftly, though sometimes with error.
Front
Availability Heuristic
Back
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common. This can lead to errors where vivid or recent events distort perception of probability.
Front
Confirmation Bias
Back
The tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. This bias significantly impedes rational problem-solving and objective evaluation in decision-making.
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