foundational terms, significant figures, and major concepts from early modern Europe to the interwar period for AS/A Level preparation.
20 cards
Front
Ancien Régime
Back
The political and social system in France before the Revolution of 1789, characterized by absolute monarchy, hereditary privilege, and a rigid estate structure (Clergy, Nobility, Commoners).
Front
The Estates-General
Back
A legislative body in France representing the three estates, called by Louis XVI in 1789 to address the financial crisis. Its deadlock led to the formation of the National Assembly.
Front
Tennis Court Oath
Back
A pledge taken by members of the Third Estate in June 1789 to continue meeting until they had drafted a new constitution, signifying the first act of defiance against the King.
Front
Maximilien Robespierre
Back
A leading figure of the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror (1793–94), known for his radical Jacobin policies and defense of virtue before being guillotined.
Front
Napoleonic Code
Back
Established under Napoleon in 1804, this civil code reformed French law by abolishing feudal privileges, establishing equality before the law, and guaranteeing property rights.
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