Essential definitions and fundamental concepts from the IBDP Chemistry syllabus, covering states of matter, atomic structure, and periodicity.
20 cards
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Element
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A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom. It cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Examples include carbon (C), oxygen (O2), and gold (Au).
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Compound
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A substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together in fixed proportions. It has different properties from its constituent elements (e.g., H2O, NaCl).
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Mixture
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A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. The components retain their individual properties and can be separated by physical means (e.g., distillation, filtration).
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States of Matter: Solids
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Particles are packed tightly in a regular lattice structure, vibrating in fixed positions. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, and high density (usually incompressible).
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States of Matter: Liquids
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Particles are close together but randomly arranged, allowing them to flow past one another. Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container.
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