Advanced flashcards focusing on HL methodology, complex core theme debates, and contemporary issues for the IBDP Philosophy exam.
20 cards
Front
Qualia
Back
The subjective, intrinsic properties of conscious experiences (e.g., the 'redness' of red). In the 'Hard Problem' of consciousness, qualia represent the explanatory gap between physical brain processes and subjective experience, challenging physicalist reductionism.
Front
The Knowledge Argument (Mary's Room)
Back
A thought experiment by Frank Jackson. Mary, a scientist knowing all physical facts about color vision from a black-and-white room, learns something new when she sees red. This argues against physicalism by suggesting not all knowledge is physical knowledge.
Front
Compatibilism
Back
The view that determinism is compatible with free will. It redefines freedom not as the ability to do otherwise in the exact same physical situation (libertarianism), but as the ability to act according to one's desires and nature without external coercion.
Front
Psychological Continuity Theory
Back
A theory of personal identity where a person at time T2 is the same as at time T1 if there is a connected chain of psychological states (memories, beliefs, intentions). It contrasts with biological (somatic) theories, allowing for identity transfer hypotheticals.
Front
Methodological Individualism
Back
The principle that social phenomena (laws, norms, institutions) must be explained by showing how they result from individual actions and mental states, without appealing to supernatural 'group minds' or irreducible social entities.
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