IBDP Psychology - Core Approaches

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Localization of Brain Function

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The theory that specific areas of the brain are responsible for specific cognitive or behavioural functions. It is supported by case studies like Phineas Gage and brain imaging techniques (fMRI), which show correlations between localized damage and functional deficits.

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Neuroplasticity

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The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. It allows neurons to compensate for injury and disease and adjust their activities in response to new situations or environmental changes.

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Neurotransmitters

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Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another target neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell. Examples include serotonin (mood, sleep) and dopamine (reward, pleasure), which are crucial for explaining behaviour biologically.

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The Multi-Store Model of Memory (Atkinson-Shiffrin)

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A structural model proposing that memory consists of three stores: Sensory Memory (short duration), Short-Term Memory (limited capacity, approx 7 items), and Long-Term Memory (unlimited capacity/duration). Rehearsal is required to move information to LTM.

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Working Memory Model (Baddeley & Hitch)

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A model of short-term memory that emphasizes active processing over simple storage. It includes the Central Executive (attention controller), the Phonological Loop (auditory info), the Visuo-spatial Sketchpad (visual info), and later the Episodic Buffer.