Master essential definitions, structures, and core principles in biochemistry and biology for the MCAT.
20 cards
Front
What defines an amino acid as "essential"?
Back
An essential amino acid cannot be synthesized *de novo* by the human body (or is synthesized in insufficient quantities) and must therefore be obtained from the diet. Examples include leucine, lysine, and tryptophan.
Front
Primary Protein Structure
Back
The linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, linked by peptide bonds. This sequence is determined by the genetic code and dictates all higher levels of protein folding.
Front
Enzyme Active Site
Back
The specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and catalysis occurs. It typically consists of a unique arrangement of amino acid side chains (R-groups) that stabilize the transition state.
Front
Hydrolysis
Back
A chemical reaction where water is used to break a bond. In biological systems, this is often used to degrade polymers (like proteins or polysaccharides) into monomers.
Front
Redox Reaction
Back
A reaction involving the transfer of electrons between two species. **Oxidation** is the loss of electrons, and **Reduction** is the gain of electrons (OIL RIG). Energy is released when electrons move to a more electronegative atom.
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