Medium-difficulty flashcards covering major political, social, and economic developments in US history from the Gilded Age to the War on Terror.
20 cards
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The Gilded Age
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Period (c. 1870s–1900) of rapid economic growth and industrialization characterized by surface prosperity masking underlying social poverty and political corruption. Key themes include the rise of monopolies, labor conflict, and mass urbanization.
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Vertical Integration
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A business strategy where a company controls all stages of production, from raw materials to final distribution. Andrew Carnegie utilized this in the steel industry to maximize efficiency and profit, contributing to the rise of trusts.
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Progressive Movement
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Early 20th-century reform movement aiming to address abuses of industrial capitalism. Focused on political corruption (direct primaries), social welfare (child labor laws), and economic regulation (trust-busting) to restore equity and democracy.
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The Square Deal
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Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program based on the "Three C's": Conservation of natural resources, Control of corporations, and Consumer protection. It aimed to mediate between labor and capital while ensuring fair business practices.
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Open Door Policy
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Established in 1899, this diplomatic policy proposed by Secretary of State John Hay asserted equal trading rights for all nations in China and protected Chinese territorial integrity. It signaled US emergence as a global imperial power.
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