Foundational vocabulary and key figures for understanding American history from the Gilded Age to the modern era.
20 cards
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The Gilded Age
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A period (c. 1870s–1900) of rapid economic growth and industrialization in the US, characterized by superficial prosperity (gold) masking severe social inequality and political corruption (gilded).
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Robber Barons
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A pejorative term used to describe wealthy industrialists and financiers of the late 19th century (e.g., Rockefeller, Vanderbilt) who were accused of exploiting workers and engaging in corrupt business practices.
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Progressivism
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A widespread reform movement (1890s–1920) aimed at addressing the social and economic problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, and political corruption.
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Muckrakers
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Journalists and writers (such as Upton Sinclair and Ida Tarbell) during the Progressive Era who investigated and exposed corruption, political machines, and social injustices.
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Social Darwinism
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The application of Darwin's theory of natural selection to human society, arguing that the wealthy and powerful were superior and that government intervention to help the poor interfered with natural laws.
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