Writing Craft and Structure - Core Concepts

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Topic Sentence

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A sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph. It sets the direction for the supporting details that follow, ensuring the paragraph remains focused and cohesive.

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Cohesion vs. Coherence

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Cohesion refers to the grammatical and lexical links that connect sentences (like using pronouns or transition words). Coherence refers to the logical flow and organization of ideas so the text makes sense as a whole.

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Claim (Argumentation)

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A clear, debatable statement that presents the writer's position on an issue. A strong claim must be supported by evidence and reasoning, rather than just being a statement of fact.

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Counterclaim

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An opposing argument or viewpoint to the writer's claim. Addressing a counterclaim involves acknowledging the opposing view and then refuting it with stronger evidence to strengthen the original argument.

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Rhetorical Purpose

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The author's intent or goal in writing a text. The three main classical purposes are: to Inform (explain facts), to Persuade (convince the reader), and to Entertain (tell a story or amuse).